本文共 21765 字，大约阅读时间需要 72 分钟。
目录
一.Fabric 简介
在介绍我们的主角Fabric之前，我们先来介绍一下它的父项目:Hyperledger-超级账本
Hyperledger 项目是首个面向企业的开放区块链技术的重要探索。在 Linux 基金会的支持下，吸引了包括 IBM、Intel、摩根等在内的众多科技和金融巨头的参与。
1.发展历史
区块链已经成为当下最受人关注的开源技术，有人说它将颠覆金融行业的未来。然而对很多人来说，区块链技术难以理解和实现，而且缺乏统一的规范。
2015 年 12 月，开源世界的旗舰——Linux 基金 会牵头，联合 30 家初始企业成员（包括 IBM、Accenture、Intel、J.P.Morgan、R3、DAH、DTCC、FUJITSU、HITACHI、SWIFT、Cisco 等），共同 宣告 了 Hyperledger 项目的成立。该项目试图打造一个透明、公开、去中心化的分布式账本项目，作为区块链技术的开源规范和标准，让更多的应用能更容易的建立在区块链技术之上。项目官方信息网站在 hyperledger.org，
目前已经有超过 120 家全球知名企业和机构（大部分均为各自行业的领导者）宣布加入 Hyperledger 项目，其中包括 30 家来自中国本土的企业，包括艾亿新融旗下的艾亿数融科技公司（2016.05.19）、Onchain（2016.06.22）、比邻共赢（Belink）信息技术有限公司（2016.06.22）、BitSE（2016.06.22）、布比（2016.07.27）、三一重工（2016.08.30）、万达金融（2016.09.08）、华为（2016.10.24）等。
如果说以比特币为代表的货币区块链技术为 1.0，以以太坊为代表的合同区块链技术为 2.0，那么实现了完备的权限控制和安全保障的 Hyperledger 项目毫无疑问代表着 3.0 时代的到来。
IBM 贡献了数万行已有的 Open Blockchain 代码，Digital Asset 则贡献了企业和开发者相关资源，R3 贡献了新的金融交易架构，Intel 也刚贡献了跟分布式账本相关的代码。
Hyperledger 社区由技术委员会（Technical Steering Committee，TSC）指导，首任主席由来自 IBM 开源技术部 CTO 的 Chris Ferris 担任，管理组主席则由来自 Digital Asset Holdings 的 CEO Blythe Masters 担任。另外，自 2016 年 5 月起，Apache 基金会创始人 Brian Behlendorf 担任超级账本项目的首位执行董事。2016 年 12 月，中国技术工作组 正式成立，负责本土社区组织和技术引导工作。官方网站也提供了十分详细的 组织结构信息。
该项目的出现，实际上宣布区块链技术已经不再是仅面向“社会实验”性质的应用场景，它已经正式被主流机构和企业市场认可；同时，Hyperledger 首次提出和实现的完备权限管理、创新的一致性算法和可拔插、可扩展的框架，对于区块链相关技术和产业的发展都将产生深远的影响。
2.项目组成
目前主要包括三大账本平台项目和若干其它项目。
账本平台项目：
其它项目：
项目约定共同遵守的 基本原则 为：
3.联盟链VS公链
公链：
针对所有用户激励机制->代币
联盟链
针对特定的组织用户没有激励机制应用程序数据共享每一个行业都可以组成一个联盟
二.Fabric环境搭建
1.安装环境
推荐在 Linux（如 Ubuntu 16.04+）或 MacOS 环境中开发代码，并安装如下工具。
git：用来获取代码。
vim: 用来进行文本编辑
curl: 部署脚本中会使用curl命令
$ sudo apt update$ sudo apt install git vim curl -y
Docker 1.12+：用来支持容器环境，注意 MacOS 下要用 Docker for Mac。
$ sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose -y
golang 1.10+安装成功后需要配置 $GOPATH 等环境变量。
Fabric1.0.0版本要求Go1.7+
$ tar -zxvf go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
2.配置环境变量
$ sudo vim /etc/profile
添加如下内容
export GOPATH=$HOME/goexport GOROOT=/usr/local/goexport PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH
让配置生效
$ source /etc/profile$ go version
3.下载源码和镜像
3.1 创建存放目录
$ mkdir hyfa ;cd hyfa
3.2 下载源码与镜像
bootstrap.sh 脚本内容，默认版本为最新的版本:1.2.0
如果需要下载不同的版本号，$1=指定版本号即可，如./bootstrap.sh 1.1.0
#!/bin/bash## Copyright IBM Corp. All Rights Reserved.## SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0## if version not passed in, default to latest released versionexport VERSION=1.2.0# if ca version not passed in, default to latest released versionexport CA_VERSION=$VERSION# current version of thirdparty images (couchdb, kafka and zookeeper) releasedexport THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION=0.4.10export ARCH=$(echo "$(uname -s|tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'|sed 's/mingw64_nt.*/windows/')-$(uname -m | sed 's/x86_64/amd64/g')")export MARCH=$(uname -m)printHelp() { echo "Usage: bootstrap.sh [ ] [ ] [ ][-d -s -b]" echo echo "-d - bypass docker image download" echo "-s - bypass fabric-samples repo clone" echo "-b - bypass download of platform-specific binaries" echo echo "e.g. bootstrap.sh 1.2.0 -s" echo "would download docker images and binaries for version 1.2.0"}dockerFabricPull() { local FABRIC_TAG=$1 for IMAGES in peer orderer ccenv tools; do echo "==> FABRIC IMAGE: $IMAGES" echo docker pull hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$FABRIC_TAG docker tag hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$FABRIC_TAG hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES done}dockerThirdPartyImagesPull() { local THIRDPARTY_TAG=$1 for IMAGES in couchdb kafka zookeeper; do echo "==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: $IMAGES" echo docker pull hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$THIRDPARTY_TAG docker tag hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$THIRDPARTY_TAG hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES done}dockerCaPull() { local CA_TAG=$1 echo "==> FABRIC CA IMAGE" echo docker pull hyperledger/fabric-ca:$CA_TAG docker tag hyperledger/fabric-ca:$CA_TAG hyperledger/fabric-ca}samplesInstall() { # clone (if needed) hyperledger/fabric-samples and checkout corresponding # version to the binaries and docker images to be downloaded if [ -d first-network ]; then # if we are in the fabric-samples repo, checkout corresponding version echo "===> Checking out v${VERSION} branch of hyperledger/fabric-samples" git checkout v${VERSION} elif [ -d fabric-samples ]; then # if fabric-samples repo already cloned and in current directory, # cd fabric-samples and checkout corresponding version echo "===> Checking out v${VERSION} branch of hyperledger/fabric-samples" cd fabric-samples && git checkout v${VERSION} else echo "===> Cloning hyperledger/fabric-samples repo and checkout v${VERSION}" git clone -b master https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples.git && cd fabric-samples && git checkout v${VERSION} fi}# Incrementally downloads the .tar.gz file locally first, only decompressing it# after the download is complete. This is slower than binaryDownload() but# allows the download to be resumed.binaryIncrementalDownload() { local BINARY_FILE=$1 local URL=$2 curl -f -s -C - ${URL} -o ${BINARY_FILE} || rc=$? # Due to limitations in the current Nexus repo: # curl returns 33 when there's a resume attempt with no more bytes to download # curl returns 2 after finishing a resumed download # with -f curl returns 22 on a 404 if [ "$rc" = 22 ]; then # looks like the requested file doesn't actually exist so stop here return 22 fi if [ -z "$rc" ] || [ $rc -eq 33 ] || [ $rc -eq 2 ]; then # The checksum validates that RC 33 or 2 are not real failures echo "==> File downloaded. Verifying the md5sum..." localMd5sum=$(md5sum ${BINARY_FILE} | awk '{print $1}') remoteMd5sum=$(curl -s ${URL}.md5) if [ "$localMd5sum" == "$remoteMd5sum" ]; then echo "==> Extracting ${BINARY_FILE}..." tar xzf ./${BINARY_FILE} --overwrite echo "==> Done." rm -f ${BINARY_FILE} ${BINARY_FILE}.md5 else echo "Download failed: the local md5sum is different from the remote md5sum. Please try again." rm -f ${BINARY_FILE} ${BINARY_FILE}.md5 exit 1 fi else echo "Failure downloading binaries (curl RC=$rc). Please try again and the download will resume from where it stopped." exit 1 fi}# This will attempt to download the .tar.gz all at once, but will trigger the# binaryIncrementalDownload() function upon a failure, allowing for resume# if there are network failures.binaryDownload() { local BINARY_FILE=$1 local URL=$2 echo "===> Downloading: " ${URL} # Check if a previous failure occurred and the file was partially downloaded if [ -e ${BINARY_FILE} ]; then echo "==> Partial binary file found. Resuming download..." binaryIncrementalDownload ${BINARY_FILE} ${URL} else curl ${URL} | tar xz || rc=$? if [ ! -z "$rc" ]; then echo "==> There was an error downloading the binary file. Switching to incremental download." echo "==> Downloading file..." binaryIncrementalDownload ${BINARY_FILE} ${URL} else echo "==> Done." fi fi}binariesInstall() { echo "===> Downloading version ${FABRIC_TAG} platform specific fabric binaries" binaryDownload ${BINARY_FILE} https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/${ARCH}-${VERSION}/${BINARY_FILE} if [ $? -eq 22 ]; then echo echo "------> ${FABRIC_TAG} platform specific fabric binary is not available to download <----" echo fi echo "===> Downloading version ${CA_TAG} platform specific fabric-ca-client binary" binaryDownload ${CA_BINARY_FILE} https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric-ca/hyperledger-fabric-ca/${ARCH}-${CA_VERSION}/${CA_BINARY_FILE} if [ $? -eq 22 ]; then echo echo "------> ${CA_TAG} fabric-ca-client binary is not available to download (Available from 1.1.0-rc1) <----" echo fi}dockerInstall() { which docker >& /dev/null NODOCKER=$? if [ "${NODOCKER}" == 0 ]; then echo "===> Pulling fabric Images" dockerFabricPull ${FABRIC_TAG} echo "===> Pulling fabric ca Image" dockerCaPull ${CA_TAG} echo "===> Pulling thirdparty docker images" dockerThirdPartyImagesPull ${THIRDPARTY_TAG} echo echo "===> List out hyperledger docker images" docker images | grep hyperledger* else echo "=========================================================" echo "Docker not installed, bypassing download of Fabric images" echo "=========================================================" fi}DOCKER=trueSAMPLES=trueBINARIES=true# Parse commandline args pull out# version and/or ca-version strings firstif [ ! -z $1 ]; then VERSION=$1;shift if [ ! -z $1 ]; then CA_VERSION=$1;shift if [ ! -z $1 ]; then THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION=$1;shift fi fifi# prior to 1.2.0 architecture was determined by uname -mif [[ $VERSION =~ ^1\.[0-1]\.* ]]; then export FABRIC_TAG=${MARCH}-${VERSION} export CA_TAG=${MARCH}-${CA_VERSION} export THIRDPARTY_TAG=${MARCH}-${THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION}else # starting with 1.2.0, multi-arch images will be default : ${CA_TAG:="$CA_VERSION"} : ${FABRIC_TAG:="$VERSION"} : ${THIRDPARTY_TAG:="$THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION"}fiBINARY_FILE=hyperledger-fabric-${ARCH}-${VERSION}.tar.gzCA_BINARY_FILE=hyperledger-fabric-ca-${ARCH}-${CA_VERSION}.tar.gz# then parse optswhile getopts "h?dsb" opt; do case "$opt" in h|\?) printHelp exit 0 ;; d) DOCKER=false ;; s) SAMPLES=false ;; b) BINARIES=false ;; esacdoneif [ "$SAMPLES" == "true" ]; then echo echo "Installing hyperledger/fabric-samples repo" echo samplesInstallfiif [ "$BINARIES" == "true" ]; then echo echo "Installing Hyperledger Fabric binaries" echo binariesInstallfiif [ "$DOCKER" == "true" ]; then echo echo "Installing Hyperledger Fabric docker images" echo dockerInstallfi 3.3 执行脚本
$chmod +x bootstrap.sh ; ./bootstrap.sh
(1) 下载源码包
下载fabric压缩包
===> Downloading version 1.2.0 platform specific fabric binaries
===> Downloading: % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time CurrentDload Upload Total Spent Left Speed100 39.0M 100 39.0M 0 0 482k 0 0:01:22 0:01:22 --:--:-- 450k==> Done.下载fabric-ca-client压缩包
===> Downloading version 1.2.0 platform specific fabric-ca-client binary
===> Downloading: % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time CurrentDload Upload Total Spent Left Speed100 4940k 100 4940k 0 0 435k 0 0:00:11 0:00:11 --:--:-- 538k==> Done.(2)下载Fabric核心模块镜像
peer ：fabric环境中的peer容器, 主要用来背书, 记账
peer模块是主节点模块，负责存储区块链数据，运行维护链码==> FABRIC IMAGE: peer
1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-peer
b234f539f7a1: Pull complete 55172d420b43: Pull complete 5ba5bbeb6b91: Pull complete 43ae2841ad7a: Pull complete f6c9c6de4190: Pull complete c6af77e36488: Pull complete 964f7f4f22f3: Pull complete d4a3f4cfba3d: Pull complete 73782018d902: Pull complete 039eb34e730e: Pull complete Digest: sha256:949b38bad9496d7694b54d30b90b72653804d761a44d721c4dc7a16a5cbcabe8Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-peer:1.2.0orderer模块负责对交易进行排序，并将排序好的交易打包成区块。
==> FABRIC IMAGE: orderer1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-ordererb234f539f7a1: Already exists 55172d420b43: Already exists 5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 43ae2841ad7a: Already exists f6c9c6de4190: Already exists c6af77e36488: Already exists 964f7f4f22f3: Already exists d4a3f4cfba3d: Already exists 8d0e11f5a0f7: Pull complete 0bda0f004d88: Pull complete Digest: sha256:1a8cbe6abef245432730035d08ea1d1aa54a50717136fa3be58f8af4570ad57eStatus: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-orderer:1.2.0
ccenv：针对Go语言的容器
==> FABRIC IMAGE: ccenv
1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-ccenv
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 55172d420b43: Already exists 5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 43ae2841ad7a: Already exists f6c9c6de4190: Already exists c6af77e36488: Already exists 964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 13cd31405e09: Pull complete e03b35c19d96: Pull complete 96c2920985e3: Pull complete e91461be8304: Pull complete 950c3368692b: Pull complete c5de8d20c137: Pull complete 5536b64bc67b: Pull complete Digest: sha256:0a7fb37111cafce79cf89ca8d1af5ca6f721e60a8bd1b2b93521e671e3348af2Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-ccenv:1.2.0tools：fabric环境中的工具容器, 主要用来测试客户端
==> FABRIC IMAGE: tools
1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-tools
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 55172d420b43: Already exists 5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 43ae2841ad7a: Already exists f6c9c6de4190: Already exists c6af77e36488: Already exists 964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 13cd31405e09: Already exists e03b35c19d96: Already exists 96c2920985e3: Already exists e91461be8304: Already exists 314928def9dd: Pull complete d5b68ae13f8d: Pull complete dde25187799d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:284f997b33d6745b52d378f8c7ba1a208b8c13633f3ef63e68377b1986077cb6Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-tools:1.2.0(3)下载Fabric的CA镜像
Fabric环境中的CA容器(fabric-ca: 用于认证, 根据配置文件中指定的路径检查当前用户是否合法)
===> Pulling fabric ca Image==> FABRIC CA IMAGE1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-cab234f539f7a1: Already exists 55172d420b43: Already exists 5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 43ae2841ad7a: Already exists f6c9c6de4190: Already exists c6af77e36488: Already exists 964f7f4f22f3: Already exists f7a6370a6f7f: Pull complete 37cc94e973b2: Pull complete a80e45d2f608: Pull complete 8feb19f73d3a: Pull complete 5f3ea048e0c0: Pull complete Digest: sha256:0a6f8b3af8537fa725dc40d09565c77b1b284f848f653c32cb4125b3134a8726Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-ca:1.2.0
(4) 下载第三方镜像
couchdb：是一个可选DB，可选, 可将Fabric中默认的DB替代为couchDB
Apache CouchDB是一个开源数据库，它是一个使用JSON作为存储格式，JavaScript作为查询语言，MapReduce和HTTP作为API的NoSQL数据库。===> Pulling thirdparty docker images
==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: couchdb0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-couchdb
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 55172d420b43: Already exists 5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 43ae2841ad7a: Already exists f6c9c6de4190: Already exists c6af77e36488: Already exists 964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 13cd31405e09: Already exists e03b35c19d96: Already exists 96c2920985e3: Already exists e91461be8304: Already exists 6a752ce8f7fe: Pull complete a49e2cb854b0: Pull complete 493b25e70e6d: Pull complete 2721753a3e7c: Pull complete adede0f2a5f1: Pull complete 9eb593f76305: Pull complete bb49a3450e11: Pull complete 929b9bb5d788: Pull complete Digest: sha256:d7eb3fd24acafaeaaae94a44659409270b89bd599d017cf9d5b75d8f21438b51Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-couchdb:0.4.10kafka ：
Kafka是一个消息系统，原本开发自LinkedIn，用作LinkedIn的活动流（Activity Stream）和运营数据处理管道（Pipeline）的基础。现在它已被多家不同类型的公司 作为多种类型的数据管道和消息系统使用。==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: kafka
0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-kafka
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 55172d420b43: Already exists 5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 43ae2841ad7a: Already exists f6c9c6de4190: Already exists c6af77e36488: Already exists 964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 13cd31405e09: Already exists e03b35c19d96: Already exists 96c2920985e3: Already exists e91461be8304: Already exists 146aa6695f33: Pull complete 954e41d8cd46: Pull complete 9d750070047f: Pull complete Digest: sha256:7c07db5b38ca3259528b3e53691ecd273e44d1521218aa8f3a5dc34ab6947ff5Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-kafka:0.4.10ZooKeeper曾是Hadoop的正式子项目，后发展成为Apache顶级项目，与Hadoop密切相关但却没有任何依赖。它是一个针对大型应用提供高可用的数据管理、应用程序协调服务的分布式服务框架，基于对Paxos算法的实现，使该框架保证了分布式环境中数据的强一致性，提供的功能包括：配置维护、统一命名服务、状态同步服务、集群管理等。
==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: zookeeper0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-zookeeperb234f539f7a1: Already exists 55172d420b43: Already exists 5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 43ae2841ad7a: Already exists f6c9c6de4190: Already exists c6af77e36488: Already exists 964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 13cd31405e09: Already exists e03b35c19d96: Already exists 96c2920985e3: Already exists e91461be8304: Already exists c335e6e59168: Pull complete 016e000b0cc8: Pull complete e716b0c9790c: Pull complete 390f47e71470: Pull complete Digest: sha256:151fe67421663fe860c1aba4b80877a22b6b8fa18cbc97990c309c603cd6f5f1Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper:0.4.10
3.4 脚本执行结果
(1) 源码包文件结构
bruce@ubuntu:~$ls hyfa/fabric-samples/ -l
返回结果
total 76drwxrwxr-x 5 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 balance-transferdrwxrwxr-x 4 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 basic-networkdrwxrwxr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Jul 3 13:41 bindrwxrwxr-x 8 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 chaincodedrwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 chaincode-docker-devmode-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce 597 Jul 10 00:59 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.mddrwxrwxr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Jul 3 12:04 config-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce 961 Jul 10 00:59 CONTRIBUTING.mddrwxrwxr-x 2 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 fabcardrwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 fabric-cadrwxrwxr-x 6 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 first-networkdrwxrwxr-x 4 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 high-throughput-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce 3095 Jul 10 00:59 Jenkinsfile-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce 11358 Jul 10 00:59 LICENSE-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce 470 Jul 10 00:59 MAINTAINERS.md-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce 1229 Jul 10 00:59 README.mddrwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce 4096 Jul 10 00:59 scripts
(2) 查看docker镜像
bruce@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images
返回结果
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhyperledger/fabric-ca 1.2.0 66cc132bd09c 6 days ago 252MBhyperledger/fabric-ca latest 66cc132bd09c 6 days ago 252MBhyperledger/fabric-tools 1.2.0 379602873003 6 days ago 1.51GBhyperledger/fabric-tools latest 379602873003 6 days ago 1.51GBhyperledger/fabric-ccenv 1.2.0 6acf31e2d9a4 6 days ago 1.43GBhyperledger/fabric-ccenv latest 6acf31e2d9a4 6 days ago 1.43GBhyperledger/fabric-orderer 1.2.0 4baf7789a8ec 6 days ago 152MBhyperledger/fabric-orderer latest 4baf7789a8ec 6 days ago 152MBhyperledger/fabric-peer 1.2.0 82c262e65984 6 days ago 159MBhyperledger/fabric-peer latest 82c262e65984 6 days ago 159MBhyperledger/fabric-zookeeper 0.4.10 2b51158f3898 11 days ago 1.44GBhyperledger/fabric-zookeeper latest 2b51158f3898 11 days ago 1.44GBhyperledger/fabric-kafka 0.4.10 936aef6db0e6 11 days ago 1.45GBhyperledger/fabric-kafka latest 936aef6db0e6 11 days ago 1.45GBhyperledger/fabric-couchdb 0.4.10 3092eca241fc 11 days ago 1.61GBhyperledger/fabric-couchdb latest 3092eca241fc 11 days ago 1.61GB
4.再次配置环境变量
为fabric的相关命令配置环境变量
$ sudo vim /etc/profile
添加如下内容：
FabricSampleDir="/home/bruce/hyfa/fabric-samples"export PATH=${FabricSampleDir}/bin:$PATH 让配置生效
$ source /etc/profile
三.Fabric目录结构
1.三大核心工具
fabric-samples/bin/cryptogen cryptogen: 根据指定的配置文件,生成组织结构及×××书的工具fabric-samples/bin/configtxgen configtxgen: 主要生成三种配置文件 1. 生成Orderer初始区块 2. 生成应用通道交易配置文件 3. 锚节点更新配置文件 锚节点: 数据交换fabric-samples/bin/configtxlator configtxlator: 用来在正在运行的网络联盟链中添加一个新的组织
2.关键目录
chaincode/ Fabric示例链码所在目录chaincode-docker-devmode/ 开启开发测试模式 在开发测试模式下链码的存放目录config/ 关于orderer及peer配置信息的文件存放目录 configtx.yaml: 生成初始区块及应用通道交易配置文件的参考 core.yaml: peer配置信息的参考 orderer.yaml: orderer配置信息的参考fabcar/ 测试Node环境的所在目录 有一个小汽车的应用示例fabric-ca/ fabric基础环境提供的一个简单fabric-cafirst-network/ 与Fabric网络相关的所有内容
3.其他概念
联盟: org1: peer0.org1.example.com peer1.org1.example.com org2: peer0.org2.example.com peer1.org2.example.com应用通道: 用于隔离不同联盟之间交易Peer节点角色: 1. 背书节点 -- 在fabric中只能部分节点是背书节点 2. 记账节点(commiter) -- 在fabric中所有的Peer节点都是记账节点 3. 锚节点 -- 通过配置文件指定 -- 作用: 用于跨组织交换数据背书: 在fabric中, 就是签名的概念
四.Node环境搭建
后期我们需要使用Fabric SDK做应用程序的开发，官方虽然提供了Node.JS，Java，Go，Python等多种语言的SDK，但是由于整个Fabric太新了，很多SDK还不成熟和完善，所以一般采用Node JS的SDK，毕竟这个是功能毕竟齐全，而且也是官方示例的时候使用的SDK。
1.安装nvm
由于Node版本的迭代速度很快，版本很多，不同项目对node的依赖不同，故需要切换不同node版本目前有n和nvm这两个工具可以对Node进行平滑升级，n 命令是作为一个 node 的模块而存在，而 nvm 是一个独立于 node/npm 的外部 shell 脚本，因此 nvm 命令相比 n更加全面，n更有局限性。
nvm 是 node 管理工具，有点类似管理 Ruby 的 rvm，如果是需要管理 Windows 下的 node，官方推荐是使用 nvmw 或 nvm-windows 。
$ sudo apt update$ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.10/install.sh | bash$ export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"$ [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"
2.安装Node与npm
NPM是随同NodeJS一起安装的包管理工具，能解决NodeJS代码部署上的很多问题，常见的使用场景有以下几种：
允许用户将自己编写的包或命令行程序上传到NPM服务器供别人使用。
$ nvm install v8.11.1
检查Node版本
$ node -vv8.11.1
检查npm版本
$ npm -v5.6.0
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/clovemfong/2149946